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Progress in Human Geography 2008, doi:10.1177/0309132508089828
Categories, borders and boundaries
Department of Geography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2424 Maile Way,
Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
In recent years, categories have been a topic of substantial research in the social sciences and humanities. Although many problematic categories such as culture, gender and scale have been criticized, moving beyond them has proved to be surprisingly difficult. This paper attributes this difficulty to what is termed the paradox of categories and argues that the key problems with categories emerge from the contradictory ways their boundaries are intellectually and cognitively understood. By integrating poststructural insights into the role categories play in ordering modern society with research from cognitive science on the role categories play as containers in cognitive processes, this paper argues that the boundaries of categories should be understood as always inchoate only partially formed and incomplete. The paper concludes that research into categories and boundaries is unnecessarily fragmented across a wide range of disciplines and proposes expanding boundary studies in geography to be the field that investigates the bounding processes that result in all types of categories. Key Words: borders, boundaries, categories, narratives, practices, process
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