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Spaces and scales of innovation

Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117570

Neil M. Coe

The School of Geography, University of Manchester, Mansfield Cooper Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

Contemporary research on innovative processes makes use of a range of scales, from the global to the regional/local. In addition, network-based approaches have introduced a nonterritorially bounded dimension to studies of innovation. While much of the latter has, to date, been concerned with local networks, recent work has pointed to the importance of non-local interconnections. This paper seeks to build upon such insights suggesting that greater attention be given to extra-local connections in studies of innovation. We explore ways in which extra-local interconnection may be extended beyond the globalization of formalized R&D by, and between, transnational corporations (TNCs), which is the overwhelming preoccupation of existing research. The paper is divided into two main parts. The first consists of a review of work on the three key scales of innovation. The second considers the role of firms and individuals as key actors in systems of innovation, and suggests how network-based approaches may offer the best way for analysing how these actors operate through and across spatial scales. In conclusion, we emphasize the need to further investigate non-TNC-based dimensions of extra-local interconnection.

Key Words: cross-scalar • de-territorialized • extra-local connections • innovation systems • networks • scale

Progress in Human Geography, Vol. 25, No. 4, 569-589 (2001)
DOI: 10.1191/030913201682688940


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